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Country analysis

Myanmar


Post-February 2021 coup conflict and longstanding localised conflicts between armed forces (the Tatmadaw) and ethnic armed organisations, widespread and systemic violence, political and economic instability, and natural hazards such as cyclones and floods drive the humanitarian situation in Myanmar.

Its ethnically diverse population was under military rule from 1962–2011; the military shared power with the Government through the 2008 constitution until 1 February 2021, when the Tatmadaw staged a military coup, declaring fraud in the November 2020 multiparty general elections that the National League for Democracy won.

The coup has since internally displaced nearly 2.3 million. In 2024, 18.6 million people are projected to need humanitarian assistance. The country has nearly 2.6 million IDPs, and more than a million have been displaced to Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Protection is a key concern, as armed conflict and international humanitarian law violations by the Tatmadaw and armed groups continue to affect civilians. Access to basic services is limited. Conflict and a lack of economic opportunities threaten livelihoods, particularly for the stateless Rohingya in Rakhine.

The country is facing soaring poverty and high food insecurity levels, with an estimated 12.9 million people facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2024.

(AOAV 01/02/2022, CFR accessed 04/02/2024, UNHCR 23/01/2024, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, OCHA 18/12/2023)

Post-February 2021 coup conflict and longstanding localised conflicts between armed forces (the Tatmadaw) and ethnic armed organisations, widespread and systemic violence, political and economic instability, and natural hazards such as cyclones and floods drive the humanitarian situation in Myanmar.

Its ethnically diverse population was under military rule from 1962–2011; the military shared power with the Government through the 2008 constitution until 1 February 2021, when the Tatmadaw staged a military coup, declaring fraud in the November 2020 multiparty general elections that the National League for Democracy won.

The coup has since internally displaced nearly 2.3 million. In 2024, 18.6 million people are projected to need humanitarian assistance. The country has nearly 2.6 million IDPs, and more than a million have been displaced to Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Protection is a key concern, as armed conflict and international humanitarian law violations by the Tatmadaw and armed groups continue to affect civilians. Access to basic services is limited. Conflict and a lack of economic opportunities threaten livelihoods, particularly for the stateless Rohingya in Rakhine.

The country is facing soaring poverty and high food insecurity levels, with an estimated 12.9 million people facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2024.

(AOAV 01/02/2022, CFR accessed 04/02/2024, UNHCR 23/01/2024, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, OCHA 18/12/2023)

Latest updates on country situation

20 August 2024

The estimated number of displacements from intense fighting, including air strikes and shelling, between the Myanmar military junta forces and the Arakan Army in Rakhine state in August 2024 has increased from the initially reported 5,000 IDPs. On 5 August 2024, an estimated 20,000 people were displaced from three downtown wards in Maungdaw township towards the coastal areas. Others are trying or have succeeded to reach safety in Bangladesh. The IDPs need access to food, drinking water, shelter, healthcare, and WASH assistance. (OCHA 16/08/2024)

20 August 2024

Since late June 2024, intense armed conflict has escalated in Mandalay region and Shan (North) state. The recent fighting has displaced around 83,000 people in Mandalay to 170 sites in ten townships in Mandalay and Sagaing regions and around 33,000 in Shan (North) within the state, to southern and eastern Shan states, and to Mandalay region. The IDPs in Mandalay and Shan (North) need food, clean drinking water, shelter, protection, healthcare, and WASH assistance. Fighting is severely disrupting the humanitarian response in Shan (North). Several international organisations have had to temporarily relocate from Lashio to Taunggyi township, and several national organisations have had to suspend operations in Lashio township, affecting the delivery of essential services. Local humanitarian responders are providing emergency assistance to the affected people, but significant gaps remain in the provision of food, clean drinking water, healthcare, and other essential relief items. (OCHA 16/08/2024, ACLED accessed 21/08/2024)

10 August 2024

Since late July 2024, monsoon floods have affected Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Tanintharyi, and Yangon, displacing 110,000 to temporary evacuation centres or their relatives’ homes across 36 townships until 6 August 2024. The affected urgently need food, clean water, shelter, WASH, and healthcare assistance. The displaced specifically need tarpaulins, blankets, and solar lamps. Returnees will also require cleaning services for removing mud and debris. Floodwaters have likely damaged water sources, latrines, and other WASH infrastructure. Evacuation centres often lack WASH facilities and are overcrowded, resulting in the spread of diseases, such as dysentery and scabies. Floods also increase the risk of vector-borne and waterborne diseases, such as dengue, cholera, and diarrhoea, including acute watery diarrhoea, which has been increasing in Yangon since July. The floods have caused widespread damage to agricultural lands, affecting livelihoods and aggravating the food insecurity situation, with around 13 million people in Myanmar already needing food security assistance in 2024. (IFRC 10/08/2024, AHA Centre 07/08/2024, OCHA 18/12/2023)

10 August 2024

Intense fighting in August 2024 between the Myanmar military junta forces and the Arakan Army in Rakhine state, especially in Maungdaw township, has displaced thousands of Rohingya. Reports indicate that nearly 5,000 have been seeking entry into Bangladesh for safety. Some of the Rohingya who have succeeded in crossing into Bangladesh have mortar shell injuries and gunshot wounds. As per media reports, the death toll among the Rohingya in this recent episode of violence could be as high as 200, including women and children. Those affected immediately need humanitarian assistance, especially food, water, shelter, healthcare, and protection assistance. (AP 10/08/2024, MSF 09/08/2024, RFA 09/08/2024)

30 July 2024

Heavy rainfall in late July 2024 has caused flooding in Bago city, Bago region, displacing around 20,000 people by 29 July. They urgently need clean water, food, and access to health services. Floodwaters could rise further in the coming days. (RFA 29/07/2024, Xinhua 30/07/2024)

04 July 2024

Severe weather during the 2024 monsoon season, including heavy rainfall and floods, amid armed conflict between the military junta and resistance forces has heightened humanitarian needs in Sagaing region. This is especially the case in Kale township, where 92,000 IDPs urgently need food, shelter, and other essential relief items and services. (OCHA 01/07/2024, AHA Centre 04/07/2024)

04 July 2024

Heavy monsoon rainfall since late June 2024 has caused floods in northern Myanmar, especially in Kachin state. By 4 July, the impact had displaced around 26,400 people, many of whom the conflict between the junta and Kachin Independence Army had already previously displaced. The most flood-affected townships include Chipwi, Myintkyina, Tanai, and Waimaw. Fuel and boat shortages, as well as insecurity, constrain humanitarian assistance for the flood-affected people. (ECHO 04/07/2024, RFA 04/07/2024, UCA News 04/07/2024)

current crises
in Myanmar


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

MMR006 - 2024 Monsoon Floods

Last updated 21/08/2024


Drivers

Floods

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

2.4 Medium

Access constraints

5.0

MMR004 - Post-coup conflict

Last updated 21/08/2024


Drivers

Violence
Socio-political
Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4.6 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR001 - Country level

Last updated 21/08/2024


Drivers

Socio-political
Conflict
Violence

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4.6 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR002 - Rakhine conflict

Last updated 21/08/2024


Drivers

Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4.1 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR003 - Kachin and Shan conflict

Last updated 21/08/2024


Drivers

Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

3.8 High

Access constraints

4.0

REG011 - Rohingya Regional Crisis

Last updated 25/08/2024


Drivers


Crisis level

Regional

Severity level

4.1 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

Analysis products
on Myanmar

Myanmar: impact of the southwest monsoon

27 August 2024

Myanmar: impact of the southwest monsoon

DOCUMENT / PDF / 1 MB

Since 30 June 2024, continuous heavy rainfall in Myanmar has led to flash floods that have particularly affected the northern and northwestern regions, including Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, and Shan.

Natural hazards
Myanmar: Flooding in Kachin

12 July 2024

Myanmar: Flooding in Kachin

DOCUMENT / PDF / 341 KB

From 29 June, Myanmar’s monsoon season brought heavy rainfall that caused fluvial flooding in the north of the country. The most extensive flooding has occurred Kachin state. At least 31,000 people were evacuated and 26,400 people were reported to be affected by the floods, only some of whom had been evacuated.

Natural hazards

29 February 2024

Reported attacks on healthcare: 2021–2023

Health

29 February 2024

Evolution of IDP numbers and locations: 2021–2023

Displacement

28 February 2024

Humanitarian access situation in Myanmar

Extreme access constraints persist in Myanmar. Armed conflict and security measures, including checkpoints, roadblocks, and curfews, affect humanitarian access. Violence and insecurity resulting from the conflict have internally displaced many towards remote jungles and forests, where access to aid and services is very limited.

 

Around 600,000 Rohingya in Rakhine state continue to be denied citizenship and have limited freedom of movement and access to livelihood opportunities, education, and healthcare. Burdensome bureaucratic processes, travel authorisation denials and delays, visa delays for humanitarians, and banking restrictions hinder the operations of humanitarian organisations in the country.

 

For more details, please visit our thematic page on humanitarian access.

Humanitarian access
View more

Security incidents: 2021–2023