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Country analysis

Mauritania


Mauritania is prone to natural hazards, such as droughts and flooding, which heighten malnutrition rates, disrupt livelihoods, and deteriorate food security levels. Its land is mainly desert, with only about 0.5% being arable. As a result, most people rely on traditional agriculture and livestock farming and heavily depend on the rainy season (July–September).

The country often faces heavy rainfall and flooding, damaging crops and killing livestock. Food is among the highest needs reported. Nearly 590,400 people across the country have been projected to face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse food insecurity levels between June–August 2025.

Mauritania was hosting more than 169,300 refugees from Mali by June 2025. This number has been sharply increasing since March 2022, owing to increased violence and insecurity in the country. Most of the refugees live in Mbera refugee camp (Hodh Al Chargui region), and returns to Mali remain unlikely because of continued insecurity. The refugees have been slowly integrating into society, with the majority working in farming, agriculture, or fishing in Lake Mahmouda. Since 2019, these refugees have also been facing consecutive drought periods characterised by a lack of rain and increasing temperatures that affect their livelihoods. (IFRC 15/10/2024, WB accessed 28/07/2025, IOM 14/03/2025, UNHCR accessed 28/07/2025)

Mauritania is prone to natural hazards, such as droughts and flooding, which heighten malnutrition rates, disrupt livelihoods, and deteriorate food security levels. Its land is mainly desert, with only about 0.5% being arable. As a result, most people rely on traditional agriculture and livestock farming and heavily depend on the rainy season (July–September).

The country often faces heavy rainfall and flooding, damaging crops and killing livestock. Food is among the highest needs reported. Nearly 590,400 people across the country have been projected to face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse food insecurity levels between June–August 2025.

Mauritania was hosting more than 169,300 refugees from Mali by June 2025. This number has been sharply increasing since March 2022, owing to increased violence and insecurity in the country. Most of the refugees live in Mbera refugee camp (Hodh Al Chargui region), and returns to Mali remain unlikely because of continued insecurity. The refugees have been slowly integrating into society, with the majority working in farming, agriculture, or fishing in Lake Mahmouda. Since 2019, these refugees have also been facing consecutive drought periods characterised by a lack of rain and increasing temperatures that affect their livelihoods. (IFRC 15/10/2024, WB accessed 28/07/2025, IOM 14/03/2025, UNHCR accessed 28/07/2025)

Latest updates on country situation

20 November 2024

The number of Malian refugees in Mauritania has been sharply increasing since 2023, with over 100,000 arrivals recorded between January–September 2024. By 31 October, Mauritania was hosting nearly 145,000 Malian refugees, who had left their country to flee the escalation of clashes and worsening economic conditions. Camps, such as Mbera camp in Hodh El Chargui region, are already overcrowded and at full capacity, leaving about 152,000 refugees living outside camps. Among the new arrivals, four out of ten households are led by women, and one in five children are living without adult guardians. There are severe shortages in water and sanitation services, leading to widespread open defecation, aggravating health risks. The refugees also lack access to adequate shelter, healthcare, protection, and education services. Nearly all surveyed refugees depended on informal employment for survival, while a third relied on receiving money from others. (IFRC 14/11/2024, UNHCR 30/10/2024, UNHCR accessed 19/11/2024)

12 June 2024

In Mauritania, food insecurity will likely deteriorate during the 2024 lean season (April–September) in agropastoral and rain-fed areas. 8% (364,800) of the population will likely face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse food insecurity, with 2% facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels between June–August – up from 5% facing IPC 3 levels between October–December 2023. As harvest resources deplete, people will rely more on markets for food. Here, the prices of items such as oil, sugar, and vegetables remain higher than average given increased demand. Food needs are high among the Malian refugees in Mbera camp and the host communities in areas where refugees are residing, e.g. Hodh el Chargui region. By the end of April, there were around 12,000 refugees in Mbera camp and more than 82,000 outside the camp. (FEWS NET 04/06/2024, Govt. Mauritania/WFP 13/12/2024)

12 March 2024

A recent influx of Malian refugees to Hodh Chargui region in eastern Mauritania is contributing to straining local sources and increasing food insecurity levels. The escalating conflict and insecurity in Mali have driven over 14,000 people to seek refuge in January alone. In Hodh Chargui, there were 104,600 registered Malian refugees, with more than 95,800 refugees staying in Mbera camp as at 31 January. One-third of the new arrivals are dependent on charity from the host population to cover needs such as food and water, while others have brought their livestock with them and depend on income from daily work. Food needs across the region are likely to increase because of the pressure on local sources following the arrival of refugees. Below-average rainfall in 2023 has also reduced the availability of food and contributed to rising prices in markets.
(FEWS NET 29/02/2024, UNHCR 27/02/2024)

current crises
in Mauritania


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

MRT004 - Multiple Crises

Last updated 28/07/2025


Drivers

Drought/drier conditions
Floods
ine

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

2.9 Medium

Access constraints

2.0

MRT002 - Displacement from Mali

Last updated 28/07/2025


Drivers

International Displacement

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

2.4 Medium

Access constraints

2.0

MRT003 - Climatic shocks

Last updated 28/07/2025


Drivers

Drought/drier conditions
Floods

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

2.5 Medium

Access constraints

1.0