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Country analysis

Guatemala


In Guatemala, around 3.8 million people (more than 20% of the total population) are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance. Of those in need, 60% live in poverty.

Violence continues to increase, with a variety of criminal groups committing an average of eight homicides per day. Corruption and a weak justice system have led to impunity in 90% of murder cases. Since the beginning of 2022, armed gangs have consolidated their presence in Guatemala, Mixco, and Villa Nueva cities. The Government is militarising the borders to stop the entry of other gangs from neighbouring countries. Violence creates significant protection issues and is a major constraint for humanitarian access.

Guatemala is part of the Dry Corridor and has three active volcanos, with Fuego Volcano erupting the most frequently. The country is currently experiencing prolonged seasonal dryness in its eastern and western regions, causing crop losses of basic grains. As a result, people are adopting negative coping strategies, such as changing their diets, reducing the quantity and quality of their food, and quickly depleting their incomes on market purchases to fill gaps, particularly in the western regions. The situation has led to increased Crisis (IPC Phase 3) food security outcomes throughout the country.

(Inacif 31/12/2022, MPPN accessed 09/12/2022, Infosegura et al. 22/07/2022, Save the Children/ICEFI 16/11/2022)

In Guatemala, around 3.8 million people (more than 20% of the total population) are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance. Of those in need, 60% live in poverty.

Violence continues to increase, with a variety of criminal groups committing an average of eight homicides per day. Corruption and a weak justice system have led to impunity in 90% of murder cases. Since the beginning of 2022, armed gangs have consolidated their presence in Guatemala, Mixco, and Villa Nueva cities. The Government is militarising the borders to stop the entry of other gangs from neighbouring countries. Violence creates significant protection issues and is a major constraint for humanitarian access.

Guatemala is part of the Dry Corridor and has three active volcanos, with Fuego Volcano erupting the most frequently. The country is currently experiencing prolonged seasonal dryness in its eastern and western regions, causing crop losses of basic grains. As a result, people are adopting negative coping strategies, such as changing their diets, reducing the quantity and quality of their food, and quickly depleting their incomes on market purchases to fill gaps, particularly in the western regions. The situation has led to increased Crisis (IPC Phase 3) food security outcomes throughout the country.

(Inacif 31/12/2022, MPPN accessed 09/12/2022, Infosegura et al. 22/07/2022, Save the Children/ICEFI 16/11/2022)

Latest updates on country situation

15 November 2023

As at 10 November 2023, heavy rainfall and strong winds had affected more than 4.5 million people since the start of the rainy season in May. The disaster had led to the evacuation of nearly 23,600 people, killed at least 65, and damaged more than 7,700 buildings. People likely need shelter, water, and food. (PAHO 13/11/2023, ECHO 12/10/2023)

15 August 2023

Since the start of the rainy season in May 2023, heavy rainfall had affected more than 1.55 million people in the central and southern regions of the country as at 11 August. Among those affected, more than 4,500 have evacuated from their homes, and at least 8,900 are still at risk of evacuation. Nearly 25 people have died in nine departments. As at 14 August, the rains had moderately affected over 3,100 houses and severely damaged 116 others. There is limited information about current needs, but in previous flooding incidents during the rainy season, people needed water, food, and shelter. Flooding and landslides have affected agricultural activities, and food prices are likely to increase. The rains have also damaged roads and bridges, making access to certain areas difficult until repair activities are completed. (CONRED accessed 14/08/2023, FEWS NET 02/08/2023, OCHA 07/08/2023)

current crises
in Guatemala


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

GTM001 - Complex crisis

Last updated 26/11/2023


Drivers

Violence
Socio-political
Other seasonal event

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

3.5 High

Access constraints

1.0

Analysis products
on Guatemala

Guatemala: heavy rains in northeastern departments

24 November 2023

Guatemala: heavy rains in northeastern departments

DOCUMENT / PDF / 292 KB

Since 1 November 2023, above-average rainfall has been severely affecting Guatemala, mainly because of a cold front passing through the country and El Niño intensifying the rainy season. This rainy season has extended beyond the typical May–October period and has damaged several roads and bridges.

Natural hazards
Central America: Complex crises and migration

05 January 2023

Central America: Complex crises and migration

DOCUMENT / PDF / 1 MB

This report presents the key drivers of migration and highlights the risks faced while in transit in four countries of Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Although there are commonalities in the four countries, the report highlights and provides some outlook into each country’s specific situation in terms of humanitarian constraints and needs.

Mixed migration

Attached resources

Nicaragua: Dry spell in the north

24 July 2019

Nicaragua: Dry spell in the north

DOCUMENT / PDF / 502 KB

An El Niño phenomenon, although weak, has developed since February affecting several Central American countries, in particular Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua, known as the Dry Corridor. The most vulnerable households are likely to face Crisis (IPC-3) outcomes and are likely to resort to negative coping strategies, including reduced food consumption and sale of productive assets. Needs are likely to include food assistance, livelihood support and WASH.

Natural hazards
Guatemala: Migrant Caravan

29 October 2018

Guatemala: Migrant Caravan

DOCUMENT / PDF / 291 KB

Since 13 October, several thousand migrants have left Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala to form two large caravans and multiple smaller groups travelling by foot towards the United States border. Protection concerns, as well as, urgent food, water and shelter needs, have been reported.

Mixed migration
Guatemala: Fuego Volcano eruption

08 June 2018

Guatemala: Fuego Volcano eruption

DOCUMENT / PDF / 878 KB

Fuego Volcano, the most active volcano in Guatemala erupted on 3 June generating a column of ash, lava, and pyroclastic flows up to 10km from the crater. The eruption affected over 1.7 million people in Sacatepéquez, Escuintla, and Chimaltenango departments. On 5 June a new violent descent of pyroclastic lava flow led to new evacuations and casualties. 

Natural hazards
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