This report aims to analyse the situation of children affected by armed conflict in Sudan through the UNSC’s framework of the six grave violations against children. It focuses on developments in 2025 and 2026, drawing on 2024 data where more recent information is unavailable.

This report aims to inform the humanitarian community and decision makers interested in the Sudanese context of recent humanitarian access developments, emerging trends, and anticipatory access risks in the Darfur and Kordofan regions. It is an update to this April 2025 report

Since 25 October 2025, conflict between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in the Greater Kordofan region of Sudan has sparked widespread displacement. After RSF’s October 2025 takeover of Al Fasher, North Darfur, from SAF, the Kordofan states have emerged as the new front lines as RSF and allied groups look to expand their areas of control. 

This report provides an overview of the types of digital threats and harms reported publicly in Sudan, highlighting the impacts on civilians and humanitarian responders. The report stresses the critical importance of understanding these harms – including weaponised disinformation, connectivity blackouts, and surveillance – because of their very real and profound offline consequences and offers concrete, illustrative examples from the Sudanese context. 

This analysis focuses on West and Central Darfur as the dynamics of economic collapse are more acute and severe in these states than in other parts of the region. The report fills a critical gap by providing a targeted and in-depth examination of the specific economic impacts in these areas, including the neartotal breakdown of formal intra-Darfur and cross-border commercial systems.

This report outlinines four scenarios that explore the ways governance and control in Sudan could develop until December 2026 and the potential impacts on people and the humanitarian response. The scenarios consider impacts on the economy, services, access, and humanitarian conditions. 

Following their takeover of Al Fasher on 26 October 2025, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have committed widespread mass atrocities against civilians. Reports include mass killings, summary executions, mass detentions, kidnappings, and sexual violence, particularly targeting women and girls. 

This report examines the challenges shaping food security and nutrition analysis in Sudan and how these constraints affect the production of reliable and consolidated evidence. The report considers the impact of these barriers on humanitarian response and identifies opportunities to strengthen collective analysis.

This report analyses the challenges and opportunities facing Emergency response rooms (ERRs)’ work in Khartoum state, as explained by ERR members and other national and international responders.

By 4 August 2025, the General Directorate of Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control had recorded 2,957 suspected cholera cases in Tawila locality, North Darfur state, since the federal Ministry of Health (MOH) declared an outbreak in the country in August 2024. 

This report highlights eight key protection risks identified as the most severe in 2025 by responders, with special focus on at-risk population groups, high-risk areas, and information gaps. It also aims to delve into the dynamics of each protection risk in 2025. 

This report gives an overview of the humanitarian needs of IDP returnees in Aj Jazirah state and the factors driving and compounding continuing IDP returns.

This report aims to examine how the 2025 rainy season is expected to affect malnutrition drivers in Darfur, a region already facing critical levels of malnutrition, food insecurity, displacement, and health system collapse. 

On 4 May 2025, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) launched a series of drone strikes on Port Sudan, the administrative and humanitarian hub of the country since the beginning of the armed conflict in April 2023. The aerial attacks with loitering munitions lasted six consecutive days until 9 May.

On 11 April, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) conducted a three-day assault on Zamzam camp, the largest camp for displaced people in Sudan, located in North Darfur, around 15km south of El Fasher City, resulting in the displacement of at least 406,265 (81%) of the camp’s inhabitants. 

This report highlights the key developments affecting humanitarian access in Sudan between October 2024 and March 2025 at both the national and subnational levels, accounting for significant regional variations in access constraints. This is a follow-up report to the 27 June 2024 ACAPS report on humanitarian access in Sudan.

This report analyses the actual and potential implications of the US funding freeze, SWOs, and subsequent cuts on humanitarian operations and humanitarian needs in Sudan. 

This report aims to provide an overview of the current situation in the three states, focusing on the key factors driving conflict and instability. The report analyses the humanitarian impacts and compounding factors within these regions. 

This analysis is based on a review of both public and non-public secondary sources, including documents produced by international organisations, UN agencies, research institutes, and local and international media, complemented by an interview with a health expert.

A region-by-region analysis of possible developments affecting humanitarian needs and operations in Sudan until December 2025.