On 4 May 2025, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) launched a series of drone strikes on Port Sudan, the administrative and humanitarian hub of the country since the beginning of the armed conflict in April 2023. The aerial attacks with loitering munitions lasted six consecutive days until 9 May.

On 11 April, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) conducted a three-day assault on Zamzam camp, the largest camp for displaced people in Sudan, located in North Darfur, around 15km south of El Fasher City, resulting in the displacement of at least 406,265 (81%) of the camp’s inhabitants. 

This report highlights the key developments affecting humanitarian access in Sudan between October 2024 and March 2025 at both the national and subnational levels, accounting for significant regional variations in access constraints. This is a follow-up report to the 27 June 2024 ACAPS report on humanitarian access in Sudan.

This report analyses the actual and potential implications of the US funding freeze, SWOs, and subsequent cuts on humanitarian operations and humanitarian needs in Sudan. 

This report aims to provide an overview of the current situation in the three states, focusing on the key factors driving conflict and instability. The report analyses the humanitarian impacts and compounding factors within these regions. 

This analysis is based on a review of both public and non-public secondary sources, including documents produced by international organisations, UN agencies, research institutes, and local and international media, complemented by an interview with a health expert.

A region-by-region analysis of possible developments affecting humanitarian needs and operations in Sudan until December 2025.

The Sudanese capital of Khartoum has been the epicentre of the war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) that started on 15 April 2023. The eruption of violence in the capital effected a widespread disruption of social and administrative order.

This report aims to highlight the food security situation in Sudan, focusing on the drivers of the crisis to analyse how it developed. It also aims to identify vulnerabilities among the affected populations to potentially target and prioritise aid.
 

This report analyses the humanitarian needs of Sudanese refugees hosted at the Kumer and Awlala refugee camps, those who left and are sheltering outside, and the factors aggravating the situation in order to support humanitarian decision-making. 

Sudan is anticipating severe humanitarian challenges during the 2024 rainy season, influenced by conflict and environmental factors. The seasonal forecast predicts above-average rainfall and higher-than-average temperatures across southern and central states, with potential La Niña conditions enhancing the rainy season from August–September. 

This report aims to highlight Sudan’s current access situation, using a regional focus to account for regions’ markedly different access situations.

Since 15 April 2023, clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group, have caused widespread displacement. IDPs are moving northwards into River Nile and Northern states, which offer security and potential routes to leave the country altogether. 

The fighting that broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces on 15 April 2023 has displaced over 7.76 million people both inside and outside Sudan. The largest number of IDPs originated from Khartoum state. Around 1.61 million individuals have crossed into neighbouring countries.

Ten months into the war, human rights violations constitute the current protection crisis in Sudan. These violations include the deliberate targeting of civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, and enforced disappearances among others. Humanitarian access challenges resulting from insecurity and obstructions to the aid response compound this complex crisis, further increasing protection needs.

Since 15 April 2023, when conflict erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, the situation has continued to deteriorate, with over eight million people forcibly displaced. Sudan’s health system has been stretched to near collapse, with reduced capacity despite overwhelming need as disease outbreaks, malnutrition, and non-communicable diseases are on the rise.

This report aims to highlight the roles, capacities, and challenges that Sudanese humanitarians face in responding to the needs of conflict-affected people. Since armed confrontations broke out, the local humanitarian landscape has evolved, but little is known and understood of local capacities.

This report focuses on specific protection threats affecting women and girls, impacts relating to health and nutrition, access to services, and the most affected groups as a result of the conflict that began in April 2023

As at 30 September, the escalation of violence in April had forcibly displaced at least 2.6 million children, the largest in the world. The effects of displacement on children are deep and far-reaching, leaving them vulnerable to a range of physical and psychological challenges and often grappling with feelings of insecurity and uncertainty. 
 

The scenarios consider four different yet plausible futures for Sudan until October 2024, including their possible impacts and humanitarian consequences. Each scenario considers the differences in three main variables: conflict, governance, and socioeconomic conditions. Scenarios identify the potential change in people’s ability to meet their needs.