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Country analysis

Jordan


Jordan continues to host one of the largest refugee populations in the Middle East, predominantly Syrians, despite a gradual decline in numbers as voluntary returns to Syria increase. The number of registered Syrian refugees dropped from 412,000 at the end of 2025 to 343,000 by August 2026. Around 80% of refugees live in host communities, mainly in urban areas including Amman, Irbid, Mafraq, and Zarqa governorates, while the remainder live in Za’atari and Al Azraq camps.

Voluntary returns have increased since the late 2024 collapse of Bashar Al Assad's rule in Syria, with more than 220,000 Syrian refugees returning from Jordan by August 2026, although 318,000 remained in Jordan in November as security and socioeconomic conditions in Syria continue to influence decisions to return.

Two-thirds of Syrian refugees live below the poverty line, with 93% of households in debt and more than three-quarters food-insecure. Limited income, unemployment, rising household expenses, and difficulties accessing livelihoods continue to drive reliance on debt and other potentially harmful coping strategies. Access to healthcare, education, protection, shelter, and legal documentation assistance remains among the reported priority needs. (UNHCR 05/08/2026, Qatar Red Crescent 17/08/2026, JT 13/09/2026)

Jordan continues to host one of the largest refugee populations in the Middle East, predominantly Syrians, despite a gradual decline in numbers as voluntary returns to Syria increase. The number of registered Syrian refugees dropped from 412,000 at the end of 2025 to 343,000 by August 2026. Around 80% of refugees live in host communities, mainly in urban areas including Amman, Irbid, Mafraq, and Zarqa governorates, while the remainder live in Za’atari and Al Azraq camps.

Voluntary returns have increased since the late 2024 collapse of Bashar Al Assad's rule in Syria, with more than 220,000 Syrian refugees returning from Jordan by August 2026, although 318,000 remained in Jordan in November as security and socioeconomic conditions in Syria continue to influence decisions to return.

Two-thirds of Syrian refugees live below the poverty line, with 93% of households in debt and more than three-quarters food-insecure. Limited income, unemployment, rising household expenses, and difficulties accessing livelihoods continue to drive reliance on debt and other potentially harmful coping strategies. Access to healthcare, education, protection, shelter, and legal documentation assistance remains among the reported priority needs. (UNHCR 05/08/2026, Qatar Red Crescent 17/08/2026, JT 13/09/2026)

Latest updates on country situation

29 March 2023

12 years since the onset of the Syrian refugee crisis in 2011, living conditions for the nearly 1.3 million Syrian refugees in Jordan remain precarious. More than half of these refugees live in poverty, and one fifth are food-insecure.


In the last quarter of 2022, more than 80% of refugee households were in debt, with most of them borrowing money from friends and neighbours to cover basic needs, such as food and rent. Also in 2022, around 90% of refugee households used at least one negative coping mechanism, such as reducing non-food expenses and withdrawing children from school.


As at January 2023, around 80% of refugees lived outside camps in poor housing, and shelters in camps remained inadequate and unsafe. In the last three months of 2022, around 34% of refugee households had difficulty in paying rent, and 26% received eviction notices. Livelihood, food security, shelter, and protection assistance are some of the key priorities for Syrian refugees in Jordan.
(UNHCR 26/02/2023, UNHCR/WB 13/03/2023, UNHCR 26/02/2023, OCHA 30/06/2022, UNHCR accessed 29/03/2023, 3RP 09/01/2023)

current crises
in Jordan


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

JOR002 - Displacement from Syria

Last updated 27/10/2026


Drivers

International Displacement

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

5.7 Medium

Access constraints

3.0

Analysis products
on Jordan

Middle East conflict: ripple effects and scenarios

20 March 2026

Middle East conflict: ripple effects and scenarios

DOCUMENT / PDF / 3 MB

This report uses descriptive, explanatory, and anticipatory analysis to help decision makers understand the scale of the ripple effects from the war, dividing the impacts into four themes:

- energy and water security

- economy, shipping disruption, and food security

- conflict and social cohesion

- humanitarian needs, gaps, and access.

Conflict and violence

10 February 2026

Anticipating Possible US Strikes on Iran

On 6 February, US and Iranian negotiators met in Muscat against the backdrop of potential military confrontation. In recent weeks, the US has been positioning more offensive and defensive military assets into the region than during the June 2025 12-Day War, creating conditions for what Trump dubbed a ‘decisive’ attack against Iran, while Tehran and its regional allies have pledged a ‘painful response’ to any attack, with Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, warning of a possible confrontation: “this time it will be a regional war.”

 

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West Asia: La Niña and water crisis - anticipated risks in 2026

05 February 2026

West Asia: La Niña and water crisis - anticipated risks in 2026

DOCUMENT / PDF / 1 MB

This report provides an overview of the anticipated humanitarian risks triggered by drought in 2026 across West Asia, aiming to support emergency preparedness and response. 

Anticipatory analysisNatural hazards
Jordan: Syrian refugees - political and financial dynamics

24 August 2016

Jordan: Syrian refugees - political and financial dynamics

DOCUMENT / PDF / 481 KB

Refugees fleeing political turmoil and armed violence in Syria began to arrive in Jordan in 2011. As of 19 August 2016, there are 656,042 registered Syrian refugees, 78.5% of whom are living in urban areas. Most refugees have been in Jordan for years: the largest influx from Syria to Jordan was in 2012 and 2013, with 176,020 and 301,620 refugee arrivals, respectively.

DisplacementEconomyMixed migration
Syria Needs Analysis Project: Jordan

23 January 2014

Syria Needs Analysis Project: Jordan

DOCUMENT / PDF / 2 MB

This paper outlines the social and economic situation in Jordan by explaining the causes of the significant underlying vulnerabilities and by exploring how these issues have been compounded by the crisis in Syria and the subsequent population influx.

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