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Casualties continue to be reported at the newly established US- and Israel-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation distribution centres in southern Gaza. By 3 June 2025, three incidents had been reported of Israeli Defense Forces troops shooting people en route to or at the sites. Since the launch of the new aid system on 27 May, over 100 people have been killed at these points. Medical staff report a rise in the number of patients, particularly men, requiring urgent treatment for severe trauma wounds sustained at the distribution centres. People view the mechanism as weaponising aid. Besides endangering civilians, it likely adds to further displacement, notably the forced relocation of those remaining in northern Gaza to already overcrowded southern Gaza. Air strikes on humanitarian operations also continue, including on bakeries and community kitchens, aggravating already critical food shortages as 93% of the population already face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) food insecurity or worse. (MSF 01/06/2025, UN 09/05/2025, TNA 02/06/2025)

Since 29 May 2025, intense rainfall has triggered devastating flash floods in Kpege-Mokwa town, Mokwa local government area of Niger state, north-central Nigeria. The floods have killed over 153 people and displaced more than 3,000, including over 1,600 children under 12 and approximately 380 lactating mothers. The situation worsened when a nearby dam collapsed, significantly increasing the floodwaters and devastation across the region. The floods have severely damaged critical infrastructure, including roads and bridges, and destroyed 264 homes. The devastation has disrupted Mokwa’s role as a key transit hub linking southern traders with northern food producers. More than 10,000 hectares of farmland have been lost, affecting food security and livelihoods across Niger and neighbouring states. Urgent humanitarian needs include emergency shelter, clean water and sanitation, and psychosocial support, especially for children. Continued rainfall is expected in north-central Nigeria. (AJ 01/06/2025, UNICEF 03/06/2025, OCHA 02/06/2025)

An early start to heavy monsoon-related rains in late May 2025 has triggered severe flooding and landslides across multiple states (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura). On 4 June, the National Emergency Response Centre reported 42 fatalities. Heavy rains continue in the northeast, resulting in further fatalities and damage. By 4 June, Assam state was the hardest hit, recording 11 fatalities, many from the landslides. Over 530,000 people are affected in Assam, 40% of whom are seeking shelter in emergency shelters and distribution centres. The Government has deployed army units for rescue and evacuation, but many areas remain inaccessible because of damaged roads and telecommunication disconnection. Heavy rainfall is expected to continue across the northeast, risking major riverine flooding, further affecting agriculture and livestock. Stagnant floodwaters have raised the threat of disease outbreaks, such as dengue and hepatitis A. (MHA 03/06/2025, ECHO 04/06/2025, IMD 04/06/2025, Sphere India 04/06/2025)